In these new essays leading European and North American scholars of medieval medicine focus on manuscripts and their transmission and demonstrate how medievalists in all disciplines can profit by studying the primary medical sources rather than relying on the secondary literature. It is only through the study of actual medical manuscripts that context and audience can be discussed adequately. The lead essay by Bernard Schnell, Prolegomena to a History of Medieval German Medical Literature: The Twelfth Century, clarifies methodological principles for this literary sociology and examines the current state of research in the study of manuscript transmission. The remaining essays discuss either manuscripts by a single author or paradigmatic manuscripts within a single national tradition. Until all the basic sources in medieval texts are uncovered and a survey is made, this volume will stand as an overview of the field.